基于Arduino的建筑互动系统研究初探

互动技术的进步与革新，给传统方式的建筑设计带来了许多的思考与探索。文章在建筑学与这种技术融合的背景下，基于Arduino系统，结合参数化的形式研究方法与数字建造技术，展现一种技术融合的研究思路，为建筑互动系统实现提供了一种方法。     

Depressive symptom severity,contributing factors,and self‐management among chronic dialysis patients

Despite the high prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients receiving chronic dialysis, there has been inadequate attention to patient‐related barriers to management of depressive symptoms, such as factors identified by these patients as contributing to their symptoms, and how they responded to the symptoms. Participants (N = 210) in an ongoing longitudinal observational study of multidimensional quality of life in patients receiving chronic dialysis completed a battery of measures monthly for 12 months. For each patient at each measurement point, an event report was generated if he or she scored outside of the normal range on the depressive symptom scale (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale‐Short Form [CESD‐SF] ≥10) or expressed suicidal ideation. Of the 210 participants, 100 (47.6%) had a CESD‐SF score ≥10 at least once resulting in 290 event reports. Of these 100 participants, 15 (15%) had also reported suicidal ideation in addition to having depressive symptoms. The most frequently stated contributing factors included “managing comorbid conditions and complications” (56 event reports, 19.3%), “being on dialysis” (50, 17.2%), “family or other personal issues” (37, 12.8%), and “financial difficulties” (31, 10.7%). On 11 event reports (3.8%) participants had been unaware of their depressive symptoms. On 119 event reports (41%) participants reported that they discussed these symptoms with their dialysis care providers or primary care providers, while on 171 event reports (59%) symptoms were not discussed with their health‐care providers. The prevalence of depressive symptoms is high and many patients lack knowledge about effective self‐management strategies.     

A scoping study characterizing prevalence, risk factor and intervention research, published between 1990 and 2010, for microbial hazards in leafy green vegetables

A scoping study was conducted to identify all published prevalence, risk factor, and intervention research investigating 16 microbial hazards in leafy green vegetables and to evaluate the volume, main characteristics, basic aspects of methodological soundness and/or reporting, and the main knowledge gaps and research needs. Our study included a comprehensive literature search, a replicable two-level relevance screening (abstract and article levels), and a two-phase quality assessment and data extraction (article level). All steps were conducted by two independent reviewers following general principles of systematic review methodology. From the initial 7961 citations, 657 articles were relevant, reporting one or more research themes: prevalence (314 studies), risk factor (472) and intervention research (269). These articles were published in 190 different scientific journals, 15% between 1990 and 2000, and the remaining 85% after year 2000. Sixty-five percent of studies was conducted in the USA, Canada, or Europe. Over 70% of all studies investigated lettuce. Collectively, four leafy greens (lettuce, cabbage, spinach, and fresh leafy herbs) and microorganism (Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Listeria and coliforms) combinations accounted for almost 80% of relevant studies. Forty-one percent of the research was conducted at the processing stage of production. Lack of reporting sufficient data and/or replicable laboratory protocols (first phase assessment) resulted in exclusion of 60% of relevant articles. In total, 231 papers were retained following second phase quality evaluation, and only 152 (20% of all relevant articles) met all ranking criteria. A lack of well designed, executed, and reported prevalence studies with sampled populations representative of the target populations and of experimental studies investigating the efficacy of intervention(s) under real-life conditions was observed. A limited number of articles investigating commonly accepted important risk factors, for example worker hygiene and health, equipment sanitation, and wildlife, was identified. We highlight research areas with the data potentially feasible for full systematic review-meta-analysis methodology and areas warranting additional investigation. The resulting information is necessary for the establishment of evidence-informed guidelines for food safety enhancement.     

Patient‐reported cognitive functioning and daily functioning in chronic dialysis patients

Subjective cognitive impairment negatively affects daily functioning, health‐related quality of life, and health care consumption, and is predictive of future cognitive decline in many patient populations. However, no subjective measures of multidimensional cognitive functioning have been evaluated for dialysis patients. Our purposes were to examine (1) the association between patient‐reported (subjective) cognitive functioning and objective cognitive functioning and (2) the relationships between subjective and objective cognitive functioning and everyday functioning of dialysis patients. We used baseline data from an ongoing longitudinal observational study of trajectories in dialysis patients' multidimensional quality of life. One hundred thirty‐five patients completed a telephone‐based neuropsychological battery (Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone, a measure of objective cognitive functioning), a measure of subjective cognitive functioning (Patient's Assessment of Own Functioning Inventory), and measures of everyday functioning (Activities of Daily Living [ADL] and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living [IADL] scales). After controlling for age and education, there was a modest correlation (r = 0.33, P > 0.001) between subjective and objective cognitive functioning. Multivariate logistic regression models showed subjective, but not objective, cognitive functioning was a significant predictor of both ADLs and IADLs. The findings suggest the potential clinical value of subjective measures of cognitive functioning, not to replace objective measures or diagnostic tests, but rather to optimize the meaningfulness of clinical assessment and management.     

Relationship among the carotenoid content, dry matter content and sensory attributes of sweet potato

The sensory characteristics of biofortified sweet potato in Africa were explored over a wide range of carotenoid (0.4-72.5 μg/g fresh weight) and dry matter contents (26.8-39.4%). The logarithm of the total carotenoid content was correlated with the dry matter content (declining by 1.2% with each doubling of the carotenoid content) and a wide range of sensory characteristics that involve visual, odour, taste and textural characteristics. Multiple linear regression models were developed. The logarithmic relationship of colour to the carotenoid concentration means that those varieties with a relatively low carotenoid content may appear to be of similar intensity to those with a much higher and hence nutritionally beneficial carotenoid content.     

Depressed adolescents of depressed and nondepressed mothers: Tests of an Interpersonal Impairment Hypothesis.

Two groups of depressed youngsters were compared. From an interpersonal perspective, it was hypothesized that depressed adolescents of depressed mothers would have significantly more interpersonal dysfunction than depressed youngsters of nondepressed mothers. In a large community sample of youth and their families, 65 depressed offspring of women with histories of a major depressive episode or dysthymia were compared with 45 depressed offspring of never-depressed women. As predicted, after controlling for current symptoms and family social status variables, depressed offspring of depressed mothers displayed significantly more negative interpersonal behaviors and cognitions compared with depressed offspring of nondepressed mothers, but they did not differ on academic performance. Implications concerning mechanisms, course, and consequences of different forms of adolescent depression are presented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)